Sheldon cohen, is the most widely used tool in scientific research for assessing the perception of stress. The perceived stress scale pss was developed to measure how controllable and unpredictable people viewed their lives, an important component of the experience of stress. Santa clara strength of religious faith questionnaire short form scsrfq. Validation of the arabic version of the cohen perceived. Items were designed to assess how unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded respondents find their lives to be. The perceived stress scale was used as a primary psychological instrument for. At t1, the 10item perceived stress scale cohen, 1994 was applied.
The perceived stress scale pss is the most widely used psychological instrument for measuring the. Three versions of pss pss14, pss10 and pss4 are available which comprise 14. Dec 15, 2010 the ability to accurately measure perceived stress is essential in order to treat and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions and treatments. Perceived stress scale pss is a selfreported instrument with 10 items, which is widely used psychological instrument for measuring the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful cohen et al, 1983. Perceived stress scale applied to college students. The stress scales author title of the scale holmes and rahe 1967 social readjustment rating scale cohen et al. A global measure of perceived stress wofford college. Psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale pss. Journal of epidemiology and community health 53 319320. Short webbased versions of the perceived stress pss and center. One commonly used scale is the 10item cohen perceived stress scale pss10. The perceived stress scale pss is a globally used and selfreport scale measuring perceived stress.
The pss scale is reprinted with permission of the american sociological association, from cohen, s. Further psychometric support for the 10item version of the. Perceived stress scale pss measurement instrument database. There are few validated tools for the measurement of stress during pregnancy or during the postpartum period 911. Among these, pss is the most widely used such as in studies assessing stressfulness of events, physical and psychiatric diseases and stress management programs 6 14. The original version had 14 items asking participants to rate their stress over the past month 4, with seven items negatively stated and seven items positively stated. The perceived stress scale cohen j health soc behav 24. Sheldon cohen in 1983, this 4, 10, or 14 point questionnaire assesses how in control of their lives subjects have felt over the last month. Jan, 2015 the pss14 is comprised of 14 items intended to measure how unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded individuals find their life circumstances. Aug 11, 2011 there are three popular tools for measuring perceived stress. It assesses the life events of an individual that happened unexpectedly and those things heshe is unable to control in their life. Perceived stress scale 4 item the questions in this scale ask you about your feelings and thoughts during the last month.
Individuals rate items on a 5point likert scale, ranging from 0 never to 4 very often. Perceived stress scale by sheldon cohen the perceived stress scale pss is the most widely used psychological instrument for measuring the perception of stress. A global measure of perceived stress sheldon cohen carnegiemellon university tom kamarck university of oregon robin mermelstein university of oregon journal of health and social behavior 1983, vol. Drawing from these ideas, the present study aims to evaluate web based and. Aug 25, 2010 smoking causes heart disease, the major cause of death in china and hong kong. Pdf evaluation of the reliability, validity, and predictive. Scores range from 056, with higher scores indicating greater perceived stress. However, despite these appealing features, internetbased questionnaire responses. Pdf development of the brief inventory of perceived stress. Perceived stress scale pss request pdf researchgate. However, the german version of the pss10 has not yet been validated. Factor structure of the perceived stress scale pss in a. The perceived stress scale pss measures psychological stress associated with sex, age, education, income.
Using a random sample of students, internal consistency was analyzed and the factor structure of the spanish version of the pss was compared with. Citeseerx citation query perceived stress in a probability. In each case, please indicate your response by placing an x over the square representing how often you felt or thought a certain way. Several factorial models of the pss have been proposed. May 23, 2016 the perceived stress scale pss developed by cohen, kamarck and mermelstein is a wellestablished selfreport measure based on the psychological conceptualization of stress. The tool, while originally developed in 1983, remains a popular choice for helping us understand how different situations affect our feelings and our perceived stress. Perceived stress in a probability sample of the united states. Cohen and colleagues developed the original 14item. The perceived stress scale pss, created by the psychologist dr. Prior to the development of the pss, assessment of stress tended to focus on objective indicators e. Mermelstein, journal of health and social behavior, 24. Original article the malay version of the perceived stress. Psychometric evaluation of the perceived stress scale in. It is a measure of the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful.
Thus, the purposes of this representative study were to psychometrically evaluate the pss10, and to provide norm values for the german population. Child and family health, family relationships standardized. In such manner, pss is not only a measure to assess an extant of how a given situation might hurt. The singleitem measure of stress symptoms after myocardial. A fouritem version of the perceived stress scale pss and a sevenitem.
Psychometric analysis of the tenitem perceived stress scale. Participants were asked about their feelings and thoughts during the past and to indicate how often they felt or thought a certain way in response to 10 questions e. Participants completed the 10item perceived stress scale pss. It was previously employed when collecting perceived stress. Pdf to provide a measure of perceived stress that is. The perceived stress scale was developed by sheldon cohen and his colleagues. In the last month, how often have you felt that you were unable to control the important things in your life. Experimental and quasiexperimental designs for research. The perceived stress scale pss is a classic stress assessment instrument.
Perceived stress scale an overview sciencedirect topics. This paper presents evidence from a heterogeneous sample of 440 spanish adults, for the reliability and validity of a european spanish version of the perceived stress scale pss, designed to measure the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful. Psychometric analysis of the tenitem perceived stress scale john m. In each case, please indicate with a check how often you felt or thought a certain way. In general, subjects under high levels of perceived stress will have increased hpa activation. The wide usage of this scale can be attributed to its.
The perceived stress scale is a way to quantify perception of stress. The scale probes feelings of controlling and coping with everyday challenges and. Perceived stress scale 4 pss 4 instructions the questions in this scale ask you about your feelings and thoughts during the last month. The perceived stress scale is a questionnaire used to measure a persons perception of stress over the past month and to determine the likelihood of whether.
Pdf the perceived stress reactivity scale for adolescent. Your score on this test will help us determine how likely it is that mental and emotional stress are contributing to your condition. The scale assesses the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful p. It is a selfreported questionnaire that was designed to measure the degree to which individuals appraise situations in their lives as stressful cohen et al. The perceived stress scale pss10 is a 10item questionnaire designed to measure the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful26 p. Stress is one major trigger of smoking and relapse, and understanding stress among smoking cardiac patients can therefore help in designing effective interventions to motivate them to quit. The aim of this study was to analyze the cultural adaptation of the european spanish version of the perceived stress scale pss. Three versions of perceived stress scale bmc public health. The perceived stress scale pss is the most widely used psychological instrument for measuring the perception of stress. May 23, 2016 the perceived stress scale cohen j health soc behav 24. Assessment of differential item functioning in the perceived stress scale 10.
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